Inventaire système Linux

Génère un rapport complet du système : matériel, OS, réseau, stockage, services critiques.

Script

#!/usr/bin/env bash
inventaire-systeme.sh — Rapport inventaire système complet
Usage : bash inventaire-systeme.sh [--json]

JSON=false; [[ "${1:-}" == "--json" ]] && JSON=true
SEP="────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────"

header() { echo -e "\n${SEP}\n  $1\n${SEP}"; }

header "INFORMATIONS SYSTÈME — $(hostname) — $(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')"

OS & Kernel
header "OS & KERNEL"
echo "Hostname    : $(hostname -f 2>/dev/null || hostname)"
echo "OS          : $(. /etc/os-release 2>/dev/null && echo "$PRETTY_NAME")"
echo "Kernel      : $(uname -r)"
echo "Architecture: $(uname -m)"
echo "Uptime      : $(uptime -p 2>/dev/null || uptime)"
echo "Boot time   : $(who -b 2>/dev/null | awk '{print $3,$4}')"

CPU
header "PROCESSEUR"
cpu_model=$(grep -m1 "model name" /proc/cpuinfo | cut -d: -f2 | xargs)
cpu_cores=$(nproc --all 2>/dev/null || grep -c "processor" /proc/cpuinfo)
cpu_threads=$(grep -c "processor" /proc/cpuinfo)
cpu_load=$(uptime | awk -F'load average:' '{print $2}' | xargs)
echo "Modèle      : $cpu_model"
echo "Cœurs phys. : $cpu_cores"
echo "Threads     : $cpu_threads"
echo "Charge (1/5/15m): $cpu_load"

RAM
header "MÉMOIRE RAM"
free -h | awk 'NR<=2{printf "%-12s: %s\n", $1, $0}' | column -t
echo ""
echo "Swap        : $(free -h | awk '/Swap/{print $2 " total, " $3 " utilisé"}')"

Disques
header "STOCKAGE"
df -hT | grep -v tmpfs | grep -v devtmpfs | grep -v squashfs
echo ""
echo "Disques physiques :"
lsblk -d -o NAME,SIZE,TYPE,MODEL 2>/dev/null | grep -v loop || fdisk -l 2>/dev/null | grep "^Disk /dev/"

Réseau
header "RÉSEAU"
ip -br addr show 2>/dev/null | grep -v "^lo" || ifconfig 2>/dev/null | grep -E "^[a-z]|inet "
echo ""
echo "Passerelle  : $(ip route show default 2>/dev/null | awk '{print $3}' | head -1)"
echo "DNS         : $(grep "nameserver" /etc/resolv.conf 2>/dev/null | awk '{print $2}' | tr '\n' ' ')"

Services critiques
header "SERVICES CRITIQUES"
SERVICES=(ssh sshd nginx apache2 httpd docker containerd mysql mariadb postgresql fail2ban ufw firewalld)
for svc in "${SERVICES[@]}"; do
  if systemctl is-enabled "$svc" 2>/dev/null | grep -qE "enabled|static"; then
    status=$(systemctl is-active "$svc" 2>/dev/null)
    printf "  %-20s : %s\n" "$svc" "$status"
  fi
done

Paquets installés
header "PAQUETS"
if command -v dpkg &>/dev/null; then
  echo "Total paquets Debian/Ubuntu : $(dpkg -l | grep -c "^ii")"
elif command -v rpm &>/dev/null; then
  echo "Total paquets RPM : $(rpm -qa | wc -l)"
fi

echo -e "\n${SEP}"
echo "  Rapport généré le $(date '+%Y-%m-%d à %H:%M:%S')"
echo "${SEP}"

Utilisation

# Rapport texte standard
bash inventaire-systeme.sh

Sauvegarder
bash inventaire-systeme.sh > inventaire-$(hostname)-$(date +%Y%m%d).txt